ThevaluesoffuelconsumptionsandCO2emissionsshownweredeterminedaccordingtotheEuropeanRegulation(EC)715/2007intheversionapplicableatthetimeoftypeapproval.ThefuelconsumptionandCO2emissionfiguresrefertotheWLTPcycle.
ThevaluesoffuelconsumptionsandCO2emissionsshownweredeterminedaccordingtotheEuropeanRegulation(EC)715/2007intheversionapplicableatthetimeoftypeapproval.ThefuelconsumptionandCO2emissionguresrefertotheWLTPcycle.
Inordertobeplacedonthemarket,passengercarscarryoutaseriesofteststoverifytheircompliancewithregulations.
TheWLTPprocedurewillgraduallyreplacetheNEDCprocedure.TheWLTPappliestonewpassengercarmodelsfrom1September2017,toallpassengercarsregisteredfrom1September2018andismandatoryforallEUMemberStates.Untiltheendof2020,bothfuelconsumptionandCO2emissionvaluesinWLTPandNEDCwillbepresentinthevehicledocuments.Indeed,NEDCvalueswillbeusedtoassesstheaverageCO2emissionsofcarsregisteredintheEUthroughout2020.Inaddition,somecountriesmaycontinuetousetheNEDCdataforscalpurposes.From2021onwards,WLTPdatawillbetheonlyconsumption/CO2emissionsvaluesforallcars.UsedvehicleswillnotbeaffectedbythisstepandwillmaintaintheircertiedNEDCvalues.
ROADCONSUMPTIONANDEMISSIONSOFPASSENGERCARS
ThenewWLTPtestprocedureismorerepresentativeofcurrentdrivingconditionsthantheNEDCprocedure,butitcannottakeintoaccountallpossiblecasesincludingtheeffectofthedrivingstylethatisspecictoeachindividualdriver.
Therefore,therewillstillbeadifferencebetweenemissionsandconsumptionmeasuredinthelaboratoryandthoseresultingfromtheuseofthevehicleintherealworld,andtheextentofthisdifferencewilldependonfactorssuchasdrivingbehavior,theuseofon-boardsystems(e.g.airconditioning),trafcandweatherconditionsthatarecharacteristicofeachgeographicalareaandeachdriver.Forthisreason,onlyastandardizedlaboratorytestallowstoobtainvalueswithwhichitispossibletocomparevehiclesanddifferentmodelsinafairway.
WHATCHANGESFORCUSTOMERS
ThenewWLTPprocedurewillprovideamorerealisticcriterionforcomparingthefuelconsumptionandCO2emissionvaluesofdifferentvehiclemodelsasithasbeendesignedtobetterreectrealdrivingbehaviorandtakeintoaccountthespecictechnicalcharacteristicsoftheindividualmodelandversion,includingoptionalequipment.
TheSF90Stradalehasa90°V8turboenginecapableofdelivering780cv,thehighestpoweroutputofany8-cylinderinFerrarihistory.Theremaining220cvisdeliveredbythreeelectricmotors,onelocatedbetweentheengineandthenew8-speeddual-clutchtransmissionontherearaxle,andtwoonthefrontaxle.Thissophisticatedsystemdoesnot,however,makeforamorecomplicateddrivingexperience.Quitetheopposite,infact:thedriversimplyhastoselectoneofthefourpowerunitmodes,andthenjustconcentrateondriving.Thesophisticatedcontrollogictakescareoftherest,managingtheflowofpowerbetweentheV8,theelectricmotorsandthebatteries.
TheSF90Stradaleisequippedwiththreeelectricmotorscapableofgeneratingatotalof220cv(162kW).AhighperformanceLi-ionbatteryprovidespowertoallthreemotorsandguaranteesa25-kilometrerangeinall-electriceDrivemode,usingjustthefrontaxle.Whentheinternalcombustionengineisturnedoff,thetwoindependentfrontmotorsdeliveramaximumspeedof135km/hwithlongitudinalaccelerationof≤0.4g.ReversecanonlybeusedineDrivemodewhichmeansthecarcanbemanoeuvredatlowspeedswithoutusingtheV8.ThismodeisidealforcitycentredrivingoranyothersituationinwhichthedriverwishestoeliminatethesoundoftheFerrariV8.
Thisisthedefaultsettingwhenthecaristurnedon,inwhichthepowerflowsaremanagedtooptimisetheoverallefficiencyofthesystem.Thecontrollogicautonomouslydecideswhethertokeeptheinternalcombustionenginerunningorturnitoff.Ifitison,theinternalcombustionenginecanrunatmaximumpowerthusguaranteeingpowerfulperformancewheneverthedriverrequires.
Unlike‘Hybrid’,thismodekeepstheICErunningbecausethepriorityismoreonchargingthebatterythanonefficiency.Thisguaranteesthatpowerisinstantlyandfullyavailablewhenrequired.Thismodeisbestsuitedtosituationsinwhichdrivingpleasureandfunbehindthewheelarethemainfocus.
Theinternalcombustionengineandelectricmotorsworkinsynergytogenerateanincredible1,000cv,whichputstheSF90Stradaleattheverytopoftherangeinperformanceterms.Thismodeallowsthesystemtoachievemaximumpoweroutputbyallowingtheelectricmotorstoworkattheirmaximumpotential(162kW).Thecontrollogicprioritisesperformanceoverbatterycharging.
TheSF90StradaleisthefirsteverFerraritofeaturePHEV(Plug-inHybridElectricVehicle)architecturewhichseestheinternalcombustionengineintegratedwiththreeelectricmotors,twoofwhichareindependentandlocatedonthefrontaxle,withthethirdattherearbetweentheengineandthegearbox.
TheSF90Stradale’senginecoverhasbeenkeptextremelylowtoimprovetheinteractionbetweentheflowsoverandunderthebody,andthusminimisedrag.
Theendsectionoftheenginecoverfeaturesasuspendedwingdividedintwosections:onefixed,whichincorporatesthethirdbrakelight,andonemobilewithawedge-shapedfrontarea.
Thelatterhasbeendubbedtheshut-offGurney,apatentedactivesystemlocatedattherearofthecarwhichregulatestheairflowovertheupperbody,reducingdragathighspeedswithlowlateraldynamicsloadsandincreasingdownforceincorners,underbrakingandduringchangesofdirection.
Reardownforceisbalancedatthefrontofthecarbyacomplexandoptimisedsystemofvortexgenerators.
AlthoughthisisnotitsveryfirstappearanceonaFerrarisportscar,thesystemhasbeenhonedtothemaximumontheSF90Stradale:thefrontsectionofthechassishasbeenraised15mmcomparedtothecentralsectionofthechassisatthepointwherethevortexgeneratorsarelocated,thusincreasingtheamountofairchannelledtowardsthemandboostingtheireffect.Thefrontbumperisdividedintotwosectionsthathavespecificwingfunctions.Betweentheuppersectionandthebonnetisapronouncedindentthatlocallycompressestheflow.Thisfeature,togetherwiththetwodiffusersaheadofthefrontwheels,contributestogeneratingdownforceoverthefrontaxle.[videoid="f85ddbdb-2647-4647-83d4-0d56dc6a8f67"]
Specificaerodynamicresearchwentintothegeometryoftheforgedwheelswhicharemadeusingaconstructiontechnologythatallowsgreaterfreedomwhenitcomestoaerodynamicsolutions.Thespecificgeometryofthewheelsincorporateradialelementsontheouterchannelwhichareequallyspacedbetweenthespokesanddesignedtoactaswingprofiles.
Thegeometryoftheseprofilesmeanthatthewheelworkslikearotorblade,veryefficientlymanagingtheflowsfrominsidethewheelarchandguaranteeingtwomaineffects:airevacuationfromwheelarchisboosted;theflowexitingthewheelrimislinedupwiththelongitudinalflowrunningalongthesides.
SMARTCOOLINGFLOWMANAGEMENTTheinternalcombustionengine,gearbox,turbo-chargedair,batterypackandelectricmotors,theinvertersandchargingsystemsandbrakesallneedcooling.Meticulousattentionwaspaidtothedesignoftheenginebaywhichhousesboththeusualinternalcombustionenginesystemsthatgeneratetemperaturesofnearly900°C,andhighlytemperature-sensitiveelectroniccomponents.
Theexceptionalworkdonetoboostthepowerunit’spowerwouldhaveallbeeninvainwithoutin-depthdynamicsresearchandthedevelopmentofawholeseriesofsolutionstoboosttheSF90Stradale’slaptimes,whilstsimultaneouslyguaranteeingthatdriversofallkindscouldmakefulluseofthecar’spotentialandhavefunbehindthewheel.
Thenewhybridarchitecturerequiredextensiveandlengthyintegrationworkonthecar’smanydifferentcontrollogics.Thethreeareasconcernedare:thehigh-voltagesystemcontrols(battery,RAC-e,MGUK,inverter),engineandgearboxcontrolandvehicledynamicscontrols(traction,braking,TorqueVectoring).
IntegratingtheseareaswiththeexistingvehiclecontrollogicsledtothedevelopmentoftheneweSSC(electronicSideSlipControl)vehiclecontrolsystem.TheeSSCintroducesthreeinnovativedynamicregulationanddistributionstrategiesforenginetorquetoallfourwheels:
-ElectricTractionControl(eTC):optimallymanagestheavailabilityofthetorque–bothICEandelectric-distributingittotheindividualwheelstosuitdrivingconditionsandgriprequirements
-brake-by-wirecontrolwithABS/EBD:allowsthebrakingtorquetobesplitbetweenthehydraulicsystemandtheelectricmotors(braketorqueblending),allowingregenerativerecoveryunderbrakingwhichactuallyboostsperformanceandbrakefeelratherthancompromisingthem
-TorqueVectoring:availableonthefrontaxletomanageelectrictractiononoutsideandinsidewheelincorneringtomaximisetractionexitingthecornerandhelpensureeasy,confident,high-performancedriving.
InanabsolutefirstforaFerrari,theSF90StradaleusesmatrixLEDheadlighttechnologytoimprovevisibilityinalldrivingconditionsthankstoactivebeamcontrol.
ThetaillightshavealsoevolvedquiteradicallyfromFerrari’siconicroundshape.Theeye-catching,morehorizontalluminousringscreateamorehorizontalperceptionofthetaillightswhichinturnvisuallylowerstheheightofthetail.
Morecompactoverhangs(therearoneisshorterthanthefrontoneinparticular)andthefrontward-shiftofthecabinhavecreatedacab-forward-typearchitecturewhichemphasisesthefactthattheengineismid-mounted.Averylowcentreofgravityhasalsoallowedthedesignerstolowerthecabinareaby20mm.
Combinedwithamorecurvedwindshield,slenderA-postsandawidetrack,thiscreatesabeautifullyproportionedcarwithsleekervolumes.
Thecompactbubble-shapedcabinhasanaeronauticalcockpitfeelandthefactthatithasbeenshiftedsofarforwardisfurtheremphasisedbythegeometryofthetwobody-colouredrearflyingbuttressesthatenclosetherear.
TheSF90Stradaleisthemostadvancedcarintherangefromapointofviewofperformanceandtechnology.Thedefinitionoftheexteriorstylingwasinspiredbythatprinciple:tocreateaforward-looking,innovativedesignthattransmitsthecar’smissionasanextremesportscar–Ferrari’sfirstseriesproductionsupercar.
FerrariDesignhasthuscompletelyrevisitedtheproportionsofthefront,centralandrearvolumesinaradicalevolutionoftheformsofFerrari’smid-rear-enginedproductionberlinettasofthelasttwentyyears.Theaimwastodesignaleading-edgeextremecarcapableofdeliveringcompletelyunprecedentedperformanceforaPrancingHorseproductioncar.TheSF90Stradaleslotsinbetweenthemid-rear-enginedcoupés,todayrepresentedbytheF8Tributo,andsupercarsofthelikesofLaFerrari,andisthenewstandard-bearerforhyper-technologicalextremecarsbrimmingwithfuture-forwardcontent.
TheSF90Stradale’sarchitecture,inwhichthecabinislocatedaheadofthemid-mountedengine,providedFlavioManzoniandhisteamofdesignersattheFerrariStylingCentre,withtheidealplatformonwhichtocraftagenuinesupercarofimpeccableproportions.Therearofthecarisdominatedbyhighexhaustpipeswhicharetheresultofoptimisationoftheexhaustlinelayout.Becausethepower-trainissignificantlylowerinthecarthaninthepast,thedesignerswerealsoabletolowerthecar’stail.Anotherdeviationfromthestylingtypicalofpastberlinettasisthewaytheprofileoftherearscreennolongerfollowsthelinefromtherooftotherearbumper.Thiselementofstylingdiscontinuityisevidencedbytheseparationofthescreenfromthecoolinggrille.
Whentheengineandmotorsareoff,theonboardinstrumentsgoblacklendingthecockpitawonderfullysleek,minimalistlook.InlinewithFerraritradition,thedefaultscreenisdominatedbyalargecircularrevcounterwhich,however,thistimeisframedbythebatterychargeindicator.Thenavigationscreenisononesideoftherevcounterwiththeaudiocontroloneontheother.
The“hands-on-the-wheel”philosophyhasconsistentlydriventhedevelopmentofthehuman-machineinterfaceineveryFerrariF1caranditssubsequentgradualtransfertoitsroad-goingsportscars.
Ofthenewtouchcontrols,thecompactbutfunctionalpadontheright-handspokeallowsthedrivertonavigatethecentralclusterscreens,whilevoiceandcruisecontrolsareontheleft-handspoke.
Alsonoteworthyistheadoptionofarotaryswitchforcruisecontrol,asolutionderiveddirectlyfromtheFormula1car.
Thankstoanadditionalsteeringwheel-mountedselector,dubbedtheeManettino(analogoustotheManettinowhichisusedtosettheelectronicvehicledynamicsmodes),thedrivercanchoosefromfourdifferentpowerunitmanagementmodes.
Thecontrollogicoptimallymanagesthepowerflowseitherwiththeemphasisonefficiencyorperformancedependingontheuserprofileselectedbythedriver.
WhiletheSF90Stradale’sexteriorwascraftedtounderscoreitsseamlesscombiningofform,technologyandperformance,theinteriorisevenmoreradical.Theveryexplicitaimtherewastocreateacockpitthatusheredinanentirelynewdesigndirection,theeffectsofwhichwouldcarryoverintoFerrari’sentirefuturerange.
Thedesignerstookafuturisticapproachtotheinterfaceconceptwithastrongfocusoncreatingawraparoundaeronautically-inspiredcockpitwithparticularemphasisoninstruments.Thisfurtheremphasisedandunderscoredthesymbioticrelationshipbetweencaranddriver.Infact,theSF90Stradalemakesanepoch-changingleapforwardbothinformalandcontentterms,updatingtheHumanMachineInterfacewithall-digitaltechnology.
TheHeadUpDisplayisanotherpartoftheinnovativeHMIandallowsvariousdatatobeprojectedontothewindshieldwithinthedriver’sfieldofvisionsothattheirattentionisnotdistractedfromdriving.
Fromacreativeperspective,theSF90StradaleinterfaceprojectgavetheFerrariStyleCentre’sdesignerstheopportunitytointerpretthescreensinthecabinasacanvasonwhichallthecar’sfunctionsandcontrolscouldberepresented.ThescreengraphicsontheSF90Stradalewerealsodesignedtocreatea3Deffectwhichisparticularlystrikingduringtransitions,suchaswhentheinstrumentpanelisturnedonorwhenswappingfromonescreentothenext.
TheAssettoFioranoisaspecialversionoftheSF90Stradale,availableonrequest,anddesignedtofurtherenhancetheclearracingspiritthecaralreadyhas.Thosewhooptforthisset-upgainaccesstoarangeofexclusivecontent,includingMultimaticshockabsorbersinspiredbyFerrari’sexperienceinGTcompetitionsandadjustedforoptimaluseonthetrack,andhigh-performancematerials(suchascarbonfibreandtitanium)thatreducetheweightofthis21kgcar.AddedtothisarethecarbonfibrerearspoilerandtheMichelinPilotSportCup2tyres,approvedforroaduseanddesignedtoimprovetrackperformance,whilethespecialtwo-tonecolouring*providesafinishingtouch.