NB/T47013.15-2021英文版承压设备无损检测第15部分：相控阵超声检测
NB/T47013.15-2021英文版Nondestructivetestingofpressureequipments—Part15：Phased-arrayultrasonictesting
1Scope
1.1Thisdocumentspecifiesthephased-arrayultrasonictestingmethodandqualitygradingrequirementsofpressureequipment.Thephased-arrayultrasonictestinginaccordancewiththerelevanttechnicalrequirementsofthisdocumentisrecordablepulsereflectionultrasonictesting.
1.2Thisdocumentisapplicabletothephased-arrayultrasonictestingofrawmaterials,partsandcomponentsandweldedjointsmadeofmetallicmaterialsduringtheproductionanduseofpressureequipment.
1.3RefertoAnnexA(informative)forthephased-arrayultrasonictestingofelectrofusionjointofpolyethylenepipeline.
1.4Forthephased-arrayultrasonictestingofmaterials,structuresandweldedjointsofpressureequipmentnotcoveredbythisdocument,ifitmeetsthetestingrequirementsafterprocessvalidation,itmaybeconductedbyreferencetothisdocument.Thisdocumentmayalsoserveasreferenceforthephased-arrayultrasonictestingofsupportsandstructuralmembersrelatedtopressureequipment.
2Normativereferences
GB/T699Qualitycarbonstructuresteels
GB/T11259Non-destructivetesting-Practiceforfabricationandcontrolofsteelreferenceblocksusedinultrasonictesting
GB/T12604.1Non-destructivetesting-Terminology-Termsusedinultrasonictesting
GB/T29302Non-destructivetestinginstruments-Characterizationandverificationofphasedarrayultrasonicexaminationsystems
GB/T29460Safetyassessmentforelectrofusionjointofpolyethylenepipescontainingdefects
DL/T694-2012Thetechnicalguideofultrasonicinspectionforhigh-temperaturetightbolts
JB/T8428Non-destructivetesting-Generalspecificationforultrasonicblocks
JB/T9214Non-destructivetesting-TestmethodsforevaluatingperformancecharacteristicsofA-scanpulse-echoultrasonictestingsystems
JB/T10062Testingmethodsforperformanceofprobesusedinultrasonicflawdetection
JB/T11731Non-destructivetesting-Generalspecificationforultrasonicphasedarrayprobe
JB/T11779Non-destructivetesting-Specificationsforphasedarrayultrasonictestinginstruments
NB/T47013.1Nondestructivetestingofpressureequipment-Part1:Generalrequirements
NB/T47013.3Nondestructivetestingofpressureequipments-Part3:Ultrasonictesting
NB/T47013.10Nondestructivetestingofpressureequipment-Part10:Ultrasonictimeofflightdiffractiontechnique
JJF1338Calibrationspecificationforultrasonicphasedarrayflawdetectors
ASTME-317Standardpracticeforevaluatingperformancecharacteristicsofultrasonicpulse-
echotestinginstrumentsandsystemswithouttheuseofelectronicmeasurementinstruments
3Termsanddefinitions
Forthepurposesofthisdocument,thetermsanddefinitionsgiveninGB/T12604.1,GB/T29460andNB/T47013.1andthefollowingapply.
3.1
coordinatedefinition
definitionofstartingreferencepointOandcoordinatesX,YandZ.Forweldedjoints,thecoordinatedefinitionisshowninFigure1
O——Setstartingreferencepointfortesting;X——Coordinatealongthelengthoftheweld;
Y——Coordinatealongthewidthoftheweld;Z——Coordinatealongthethicknessoftheweld
Figure1Coordinatedefinition
3.2
phased-arrayultrasonictesting
ultrasonictestingmethodofactivatingeachindependentpiezoelectricwafer(arrayelement)ofthearrayprobeaccordingtothesetdelaylawtosynthesizesoundbeamandrealizethefunctionssuchasbeammoving,deflectingandfocusing;thenprocessingtheultrasonicsignalsreceivedbyeacharrayelementaccordingtocertaindelaylaw,anddisplayingtheinternalstateofthetestedobjectintheformofimage
3.3
delaylaw
controllawusedforbeamformingandultrasonicsignalreceptionandsynthesis,generallyreferringtothetimesequenceandtimeintervalofeacharrayelementcircuitofthearrayprobeinvolvedinultrasonictransmissionandreception
3.4
activeaperture
sizeofprimaryactivearrayelement.Foraone-dimensionallinear-arrayprobe,ifthesizeofaprimaryactivearrayelementgroupisasshowninFigure2,itsactiveaperturelengthisthesizeAinactivedirection,andtheactiveaperturewidthisthearrayelementlengthw
AvalueiscalculatedusingEquation(1):
A=n·e+g(n-1)=n·p-g(1)
A——theactiveaperturelength;g——thegapbetweenadjacentarrayelements;e——thearrayelementwidth;
n——thenumberofactivearrayelements;p——thecenterdistancebetweentwoadjacentarrayelements;w——thearrayelementlength
Figure2Activeapertureofone-dimensionallinear-arrayprobe
3.5
probeeffluencepoint
pointwherethecenterofthesoundbeamformedbytheactiveprobearraygroupeffluentfromthewedge
3.6
electronicscanning
methodofadoptingaspecificdelaylawtocontroleacharrayelementinthearrayprobe,sothatthesoundbeamgeneratedbythearrayprobemaymoveinthetestedareaoftheworkpiecewithoutmovingtheprobe,includinglinearelectronicscanning,sectorialelectronicscanninganddynamicfocusing,etc.
3.7
linearelectronicscanning,L-scan
methodofadoptingthesamedelaylawsuccessivelyfordifferentarrayelementgroupsofthesamearrayprobetorealizethesoundbeammovementalongthelengthdirectionofthephased-arrayprobe,whichissimilartothemovementeffectofprobescaninA-modepulsereflectionultrasonictesting
3.8
sectorialelectronicscanning,S-scan
methodofadoptingdifferentdeflectiondelaylawssuccessivelyforthesamearrayelementgrouptorealizethedeflectionmovementofthesoundbeaminacertainanglerange
3.9
scan
relativemovementbetweentheprobeandtheworkpiece,whichmayberealizedmanuallybytestingpersonnelorinmechanicalway
3.10
mechanicalscan
movementofprobewithamechanicaldevice.Forweldedjoints,itmaybeclassifiedintolongitudinalscan,transversescanandscanwithobliquebeametc.accordingtotherelationshipbetweentheprobemovingdirectionandtheweldlengthdirection
3.11
longitudinalscan
mechanicalscanmodeinwhichtheprobemovesalongtheweldlengthdirection(i.e.theX-axisdirectioninFigure1)atacertaindistanceSfromthecenterlineoftheweld.Itmaybeclassifiedintolongitudinalscanwithperpendicularbeam,longitudinalscanwithobliquebeamandlongitudinalscanwithparallelbeametc.accordingtotherelativerelationshipbetweenthesoundbeamdirectionandthemovingdirectionoftheprobe
3.12
longitudinalscanwithperpendicularbeam
longitudinalscanmodeinwhichtheprobemovesalongthelengthdirectionoftheweld,andtheincidentsoundbeamdirectionoftheprobeisperpendiculartothemovingdirection,asshowninFigure3
焊缝中心线焊接接头探头前端距S扫查方向数据采集方向探头位置探头图3纵向垂直扫查3.13纵向倾斜扫查longitudinalscanwithobliquebeam探头沿焊缝长度方向移动、探头入射声束方向与移动方向成一定夹角的纵向扫查方式，如图4所示。
焊缝中心线扫查方向数据采集方向探头位置焊接接头探头图4纵向倾斜扫查3.14纵向平行扫查longitudinalscanwithparallelbeam探头沿焊缝长度方向移动、探头入射声束方向与移动方向平行的纵向扫查方式，如图5所示。
焊缝中心线焊接接头扫查方向数据采集方向探头探头位置图5纵向平行扫查3.15横向扫查transversescan探头沿焊缝宽度方向(即图1中的Y轴方向)移动的机械扫查方式。一般指横向平行扫查方式，此时探头声束方向平行于探头移动方向，如图6所示。
C型显示D型显示B型显示图7显示类型示意图3.20C型显示C-display在与工件扫查面平行的剖面所形成的声场图像。对于焊接接头，为XOY平面投影图像，如图7所示，横坐标表示焊缝长度或扫查距离，纵坐标表示声束覆盖区域的尺寸，以不同颜色显示信号波幅。3.21D型显示D-display在与声束纵截面及工件扫查面均垂直的剖面所形成的声场图像。对于焊接接头，为XOZ平面投影图像，如图7所示，横坐标表示焊缝长度或扫查距离，纵坐标表示深度或声程，以不同颜色显示信号波幅。3.22S型显示S-display由扇扫描声束形成的扇形图像显示，如图8所示，图像中横坐标表示离开探头出射点的位置，纵坐标表示深度，沿扇面弧线方向的坐标表示角度，并以不同颜色显示信号波幅。检测焊接接头时，S型显示为探头前方区域的纵截面内部状态。
槽宽为0.5mm槽深从左至右依次为0.1mm／0.2mm／0.3mm／0.4mm单位为毫米1区放大图图9A型相控阵试块